Chemistry Formulas | List of Chemistry Formulas

Chemistry might seem intimidating at first but is extremely useful. So how about learning the Chemistry Concepts all at one place without much effort. Sounds great right! Look no further and go ahead and we have listed the Chemistry Formulae Collection to ace up your preparation. We are here to assist you in this and we have come up with the Important Chemistry Formulas that help you solve your problems fast and effortlessly.

List of Chemistry Formulae

The Chemistry Formulas listed here cover various topics within the syllabus and you can cover the entire syllabus in a smart way. You can rely on the Formula Sheet over here as there are prepared by subject expertise after extensive research. Various concepts like Atomic Structure, Chemical Equilibrium, Chemical Kinetics, Periodic Table, Polymers Formulas are given here. You can use these Chemistry Cheat Sheet & Tables to be familiar with various topics easily.

Peroidic Table of Elements

List of elements by atomic number

Here is a list of the elements sorted by atomic number.

element	symbol	atomic number	atomic weight
hydrogen	H	1	[1.00784, 1.00811]
helium	He	2	4.002602
lithium	Li	3	[6.938, 6.997]
beryllium	Be	4	9.0121831
boron	B	5	[10.806, 10.821]
carbon	C	6	[12.0096, 12.0116]
nitrogen	N	7	[14.00643, 14.00728]
oxygen	O	8	[15.99903, 15.99977]
fluorine	F	9	18.998403163
neon	Ne	10	20.1797
sodium	Na	11	22.98976928
magnesium	Mg	12	[24.304, 24.307]
aluminum (aluminium)	Al	13	26.9815385
silicon	Si	14	[28.084, 28.086]
phosphorus	P	15	30.973761998
sulfur (sulphur)	S	16	[32.059, 32.076]
chlorine	Cl	17	[35.446, 35.457]
argon	Ar	18	39.948
potassium	K	19	39.0983
calcium	Ca	20	40.078
scandium	Sc	21	44.955908
titanium	Ti	22	47.867
vanadium	V	23	50.9415
chromium	Cr	24	51.9961
manganese	Mn	25	54.938044
iron	Fe	26	55.845
cobalt	Co	27	58.933194
nickel	Ni	28	58.6934
copper	Cu	29	63.546
zinc	Zn	30	65.38
gallium	Ga	31	69.723
germanium	Ge	32	72.630
arsenic	As	33	74.921595
selenium	Se	34	78.971
bromine	Br	35	[79.901, 79.907]
krypton	Kr	36	83.798
rubidium	Rb	37	85.4678
strontium	Sr	38	87.62
yttrium	Y	39	88.90594
zirconium	Zr	40	91.224
niobium	Nb	41	92.90637
molybdenum	Mo	42	95.95
technetium	Tc	43	(97)
ruthenium	Ru	44	101.07
rhodium	Rh	45	102.90550
palladium	Pd	46	106.42
silver	Ag	47	107.8682
cadmium	Cd	48	112.414
indium	In	49	114.818
tin	Sn	50	118.710
antimony	Sb	51	121.760
tellurium	Te	52	127.60
iodine	I	53	126.90447
xenon	Xe	54	131.293
cesium (caesium)	Cs	55	132.90545196
barium	Ba	56	137.327
lanthanum	La	57	138.90547
cerium	Ce	58	140.116
praseodymium	Pr	59	140.90766
neodymium	Nd	60	144.242
promethium	Pm	61	(145)
samarium	Sm	62	150.36
europium	Eu	63	151.964
gadolinium	Gd	64	157.25
terbium	Tb	65	158.92535
dysprosium	Dy	66	162.500
holmium	Ho	67	164.93033
erbium	Er	68	167.259
thulium	Tm	69	168.93422
ytterbium	Yb	70	173.045
lutetium	Lu	71	174.9668
hafnium	Hf	72	178.49
tantalum	Ta	73	180.94788
tungsten (wolfram)	W	74	183.84
rhenium	Re	75	186.207
osmium	Os	76	190.23
iridium	Ir	77	192.217
platinum	Pt	78	195.084
gold	Au	79	196.966569
mercury	Hg	80	200.592
thallium	Tl	81	[204.382, 204.385]
lead	Pb	82	207.2
bismuth	Bi	83	208.98040
polonium	Po	84	(209)
astatine	At	85	(210)
radon	Rn	86	(222)
francium	Fr	87	(223)
radium	Ra	88	(226)
actinium	Ac	89	(227)
thorium	Th	90	232.0377
protactinium	Pa	91	231.03588
uranium	U	92	238.02891
neptunium	Np	93	(237)
plutonium	Pu	94	(244)
americium	Am	95	(243)
curium	Cm	96	(247)
berkelium	Bk	97	(247)
californium	Cf	98	(251)
einsteinium	Es	99	(252)
fermium	Fm	100	(257)
mendelevium	Md	101	(258)
nobelium	No	102	(259)
lawrencium	Lr	103	(262)
rutherfordium	Rf	104	(263)
dubnium	Db	105	(268)
seaborgium	Sg	106	(271)
bohrium	Bh	107	(270)
hassium	Hs	108	(270)
meitnerium	Mt	109	(278)
darmstadtium	Ds	110	(281)
roentgenium	Rg	111	(281)
copernicium	Cn	112	(285)
ununtrium	Uut	113	(286)
flerovium	Fl	114	(289)
ununpentium	Uup	115	(289)
livermorium	Lv	116	(293)
ununseptium	Uus	117	(294)
ununoctium	Uuo	118	(294)

Elements with an atomic weight given in square brackets have an atomic weight that is given as a range. Elements with an atomic weight in parentheses list the weight of the isotope with the longest half-life.

List of Chemical Formulas and their Common Names with Chemical Compounds

The below table covers the Chemical compounds and their formulas with their common names. These below-listed compounds and their formulas are regularly asked in the SSC exam or government exams. You can also download the free pdf given in this article to memorise the below-given list.

	Compound name - Molecular Formula	Molecular weight
1	Acetic acid - CH₃COOH	60.052 g/mol
2	Hydrochloric acid - HCl	36.458 g/mol
3	Sulfuric acid - H₂SO₄	‎98.072 g/mol
4	Acetate - CH₃COO^–	59.044 g/mol
5	Ammonia - NH₃	17.031 g/mol
6	Nitric acid - HNO₃	63.012 g/mol
7	Phosphoric acid - H₃PO₄	97.994 g/mol
8	Sodium phosphate - Na₃PO₄	119.976 g/mol
9	Calcium carbonate - CaCO₃	100.086 g/mol
10	Ammonium sulfate - (NH₄)₂SO₄	132.134 g/mol
11	Carbonic acid - H₂CO₃	62.024 g/mol
12	Sodium bicarbonate - NaHCO₃	84.0066 g/mol
13	Sodium hydroxide - NaOH	39.997 g/mol
14	Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)₂	74.092 g/mol
15	Ethanol - C₂H₅OH	46.069 g/mol
16	Hydrobromic acid - HBr	80.912 g/mol
17	Sulfuric acid - H₂SO₄	98.072 g/mol
18	Nitrous acid - HNO₂	‎47.013 g/mol
19	Potassium hydroxide - KOH	56.11 g/mol
20	Silver nitrate - AgNO₃	169.872 g/mol
21	Sodium carbonate - Na₂CO₃	105.988 g/mol
22	Sodium chloride - NaCl	58.44 g/mol
23	Cellulose - (C₆H₁₀O₅)n	162.1406 g/mol
24	Magnesium hydroxide - Mg(OH)₂	58.319 g/mol
25	Methane - CH₄	16.043 g/mol
26	Nitrogen dioxide - NO₂	30.006 g/mol
27	Potassium hydroxide - KOH	56.105 g/mol
28	Sodium nitrate - NaNO₃	84.994 g/mol
29	Sulfurous acid - H₂SO₃	82.073 g/mol
30	Aluminium sulfate - Al₂(SO₄)₃	342.15 g/mol
31	Aluminum oxide - Al₂O₃	101.96 g/mol
32	Ammonia - NH₃	17.031 g/mol
33	Ammonium nitrate - NH₄NO₃	80.043 g/mol
34	Ammonium phosphate - (NH₄)₃PO₄	132.056 g/mol
35	Barium hydroxide - Ba(OH)₂	171.341 g/mol
36	Carbon tetrachloride - CCl₄	153.811 g/mol
37	Citric acid - C₆H₈O₇	192.123 g/mol
38	Hydrocyanic acid - HCN	‎27.026 g/mol
39	Salicylic Acid - C₇H₆O₃	138.121 g/mol
40	Hydroiodic acid - HI	127.91 g/mol
41	Hypochlorous acid - HClO	52.457 g/mol
42	Iron iii oxide - Fe₂O₃	159.687 g/mol
43	Magnesium phosphate - Mg₃(PO₄)₂	262.855 g/mol
44	Sodium acetate - C₂H₃NaO₂	82.0343 g/mol
45	Sodium sulfate - Na₂SO₄	‎142.036 g/mol
46	Sucrose - C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁	342.2965 g/mol
47	Potassium nitrate - KNO₃	101.102 g/mol
48	Ammonium bicarbonate - NH₄HCO₃	96.086 g/mol
49	Ammonium chloride - NH₄Cl	53.489 g/mol
50	Ammonium hydroxide - NH₄OH	35.046 g/mol
51	Calcium nitrate - Ca(NO₃)₂	164.088 g/mol
52	Calcium oxide - CaO	56.0774 g/mol
53	Carbon monoxide - CO	28.01 g/mol
54	Chlorine gas - Cl₂	70.9 g/mol
55	Phenol - C₆H₆O	94.11 g/mol
56	Hydrogen peroxide - H₂O₂	34.0147 g/mol
57	Hydroxide - OH^–	17.007 g/mol
58	Magnesium chloride - MgCl₂	95.211 g/mol
59	Magnesium hydroxide - Mg(OH)₂	58.3197 g/mol
60	Potassium chloride - KCl	74.5513 g/mol
61	Potassium iodide - KI	166.0028 g/mol
62	Sulfur dioxide - SO₂	64.066 g/mol
63	Glycerin - C₃H₈O₃	92.09 g/mol
64	Ammonium sulfate - (NH₄)₂SO₄	132.14 g/mol
65	Barium nitrate - Ba(NO₃)₂	261.337 g/mol
66	Calcium acetate - C₄H₆O₄Ca	158.17 g/mol
67	Sulfurous Acid - H₂SO₃	82.07 g/mol
68	Iron oxide - Fe₂O₃	159.69 g/mol
69	Potassium carbonate - K₂CO₃	138.205 g/mol
70	Silver chloride - AgCl	‎143.318 g/mol
71	Sodium iodide - NaI	149.894 g/mol
72	Sodium oxide - Na₂O	61.9789 g/mol
73	Sodium sulfide - Na₂S	78.0452 g/mol
74	Sucrose - C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁	342.30 g/mol
75	Zinc nitrate - Zn(NO₃)₂	189.388 g/mol
76	Aluminium Sulfate - Al₂(SO₄)₃	342.15 g/mol
77	Phenolphthalein - C₂₀H₁₄O₄	318.32 g/mol
78	Magnesium nitrate - Mg(NO₃)₂	148.313 g/mol
79	Silicon dioxide - SiO₂	60.083 g/mol
80	Acetone - C₃H₆O	58.08 g/mol
81	Hydroquinone - C₆H₆O₂	110.11 g/mol
82	Pyridine - C₅H₅N	79.1 g/mol
83	Ammonium acetate - C₂H₃O₂NH₄	77.083 g/mol
84	Xylene - C₈H₁₀	106.16 g/mol
85	Barium sulfate - BaSO₄	233.38 g/mol
86	Benzene - C₆H₆	78.11 g/mol
87	Bicarbonate - CHO₃^–	61.016 g/mol
88	Chromate - CrO₄^2-	15.992 g/mol
89	Methyl Ethyl Ketone - C₄H₈O	72.107 g/mol
90	Cyanide - CN⁻	26.02 g/mol
91	Trichloroacetic acid - C₂HCl₃O₂	163.38 g/mol
92	Magnesium sulfate - MgSO₄	120.361 g/mol
93	Methanol - CH₃OH	32.04 g/mol
94	Nitrogen dioxide - NO₂	46.0055 g/mol
95	Oxygen - O	Atomic mass 15.999 g/mol
96	Methylene blue - C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃S	319.85 g/mol
97	Sodium sulfite - Na₂SO₃	126.043 g/mol
98	Sulfur trioxide - SO₃	80.057 g/mol
99	Aluminum phosphate - AlPO₄	121.951 g/mol
100	Stearic acid - C₁₈H₃₆O₂	284.484 g/mol
101	Dinitrogen monoxide - N₂O	44.013 g/mol
102	Carbon monoxide - CO	28.01 g/mol
103	Carbonic acid - H₂CO₃	62.03 g/mol
104	Sodium carbonate - Na₂CO₃	105.9888 g/mol
105	Titanium dioxide - TiO₂	233.38 g/mol
106	Acetonitrile - C₂H₃N	41.053 g/mol
107	Oxalic acid - H₂C₂O₄	90.03 g/mol
108	Potassium dichromate - K₂Cr₂O₇	294.185 g/mol
109	Salicylic acid - C₇H₆O₃	138.121 g/mol
110	Sodium bromide - NaBr	102.894 g/mol
111	Sodium hypochlorite - NaClO	74.439 g/mol
112	Zinc acetate - Zn(CH₃COO)₂(H₂O)₂	183.48 g/mol
113	Zinc chloride - ZnCl₂	136.286 g/mol
114	Zinc hydroxide - Zn(OH)₂	99.424 g/mol
115	Magnesium carbonate - MgCO₃	84.313 g/mol
116	Potassium chlorate - KClO₃	122.545 g/mol
117	Hydrazine - N₂H₄	32.0452 g/mol
118	Ascorbic acid - C₆H₈O₆	176.12 g/mol
119	Benzoic acid - C₇H₆O₂	122.12 g/mol
120	Resorcinol - C₆H₆O₂	110.1 g/mol
121	Chlorine - Cl₂	‎70.9 g/mol
122	Ammonium nitrate - NH₄NO₃	80.043 g/mol
123	Ammonium phosphate - (NH₄)₃PO₄	132.056 g/mol
124	Carbon tetrachloride - CCl₄	153.82 g/mol
125	Nitrous acid - HNO₂	47.013 g/mol
126	Maleic acid - C4H4O4	116.072 g/mol
129	Sodium metabisulfite - Na₂S₂O₅	190.107 g/mol
130	Sodium Hypochlorite - NaClO	74.439 g/mol
131	Acetamide - C₂H₅NO	59.068 g/mol
132	Magnesium carbonate - MgCO₃	84.3139 g/mol
133	Sodium silicate - (Na₂O)_x·SiO₂	122.062 g/mol
134	Nitrite - NO₂⁻	46.005 g/mol
135	Hydroxide - OH⁻	17.007 g/mol
136	Phosphate - PO₄^3-	94.9714 g/mol
137	Dichloromethane - CH₂Cl₂	84.93 g/mol
138	Carbon Disulfide - CS₂	76.13 g/mol
139	Potassium chromate - CrK₂O₄	194.189 g/mol
140	Zinc sulfate - ZnSO₄	161.436 g/mol
141	Iodine - I	Atomic mass 126.90 g/mol
142	Tannic acid - C₇₆H₅₂O₄₆	1701.19 g/mol
143	Aluminum - Al	26.982 g/mol
144	Perchloric acid - HClO₄	100.46 g/mol
145	Hypochlorite - ClO^–	51.449 g/mol
146	Citric acid - C₆H₈O₇	192.124 g/mol
147	Potassium Bromide - KBr	119.002 g/mol
148	Chromic acid - H₂CrO₄	118.01 g/mol
149	Dihydrogen monoxide - OH₂	18.01528 g/mol
150	Methyl acetate - C₃H₆O₂	74.079 g/mol
151	Dimethyl sulfoxide - C₂H₆OS	78.13 g/mol
152	Hexane - C₆H₁₄	86.18 g/mol
153	Phosphoric acid - H₃PO₄	97.994 g/mol
154	Eugenol - C₁₀H₁₂O₂	164.2 g/mol
155	Manganese dioxide - MnO₂	86.9368 g/mol
156	Dimethyl sulfoxide - C₂H₆OS	78.13 g/mol
157	Lactic acid - C₃H₆O₃	90.078 g/mol
158	Sodium potassium tartrate - C₄H₄O₆KNa·4H₂O	282.1 g/mol
159	Hexamine - C₆H₁₂N₄	140.186 g/mol
160	Lithium hydroxide - LiOH	23.95 g/mol
161	Dimethyl sulfoxide - C₂H₆OS	78.13 g/mol
162	Phosphorus pentachloride - PCl₅	208.24 g/mol
163	Potassium oxide - K₂O	94.2 g/mol
164	Potassium phosphate - KH₂PO₄	136.084 g/mol
165	Silver acetate - AgC₂H₃O₂	166.91 g/mol
166	Sodium citrate - Na₃C₆H₅O₇	258.06 g/mol
167	Sodium fluoride - NaF	41.98817 g/mol
168	Sodium nitrite - NaNO₂	68.9953 g/mol
169	Sulfate ion - SO₄²⁻	96.06 g/mol
170	Barium carbonate - BaCO₃	197.34 g/mol
171	Calcium iodide - CaI₂	293.887 g/mol
172	Hydrogen sulfate - HSO₄^–	97.064 g/mol
173	Lithium oxide - Li₂O	29.88 g/mol
174	Dimethylglyoxime - C₄H₈N₂O₂	116.12 g/mol
175	Permanganate - KMnO₄	158.034 g/mol
176	Silver phosphate - Ag₃PO₄	418.58 g/mol
177	Sodium carbonate - Na₂CO₃	105.9888 g/mol
178	Ammonium bromide - NH₄Br	97.943 g/mol
179	Calcium phosphate - Ca₃(PO₄)₂	310.18 g/mol
180	Dichromate - K₂Cr₂O₇	294.185 g/mol
181	Aluminum sulfide - Al₂S₃	150.158 g/mol
182	Ammonium carbonate - (NH₄)₂CO₃	96.086 g/mol
183	Barium chloride - BaCl₂	208.23 g/mol
184	Calcium nitrate - Ca(NO₃)₂	164.088 g/mol
185	Hydroiodic acid - HI	127.91 g/mol
186	Nitrogen monoxide - NO	30.006 g/mol
187	Potassium carbonate - K₂CO₃	138.205 g/mol
188	Potassium iodide - KI	166.0028 g/mol
189	Potassium nitrate - KNO₃	101.102 g/mol
190	Sodium oxide - Na₂O	61.9789 g/mol
191	Fructose - C₆H₁₂O₆	180.16 g/mol
192	Magnesium iodide - MgI₂	278.1139 g/mol
193	Magnesium sulfide - MgS	56.38 g/mol
194	Ozone - O₃	48 g/mol
195	Potassium cyanide - KCN	65.12 g/mol
196	Silver oxide - Ag₂O	231.735 g/mol
197	Sodium chromate - Na₂CrO₄	161.97 g/mol
198	Sodium peroxide - Na₂O₂	77.98 g/mol
199	Toluene - C₇H₈	92.14 g/mol
200	Zinc carbonate - ZnCO₃	125.388 g/mol
201	Zinc phosphate - Zn₃(PO₄)₂	386.11 g/mol
202	Zinc sulfide - ZnS	97.474 g/mol
203	Para dichlorobenzene - C₆H₄Cl₂	147.01 g/mol
204	Boric acid - H₃BO₃	61.83 g/mol
206	Magnesium phosphate - Mg₃(PO₄)₂	262.855 g/mol
207	Oxalate - C₂O₄²⁻	‎88.018 g/mol
208	Potassium bicarbonate - KHCO₃	100.114 g/mol
209	Potassium hypochlorite - KClO	90.55 g/mol
210	Potassium nitrite - KNO₂	85.103 g/mol
211	Bromothymol Blue - C₂₇H₂₈Br₂O₅S	624.384 g/mol
212	Ammonium iodide - NH₄I	144.94 g/mol
213	Ammonium nitrate - (NH₄)(NO₃)	‎80.043 g/mol
214	Ammonium nitrite - NH₄NO₂	64.06 g/mol
215	Ammonium oxide - (NH₄)₂O	52.0763 g/mol
216	Argon gas - Ar	39.948 g/mol
217	Barium bromide - BaBr₂	297.14 g/mol
218	Barium iodide - BaI₂	391.136 g/mol
219	Bromate - BrO₃^–	127.901 g/mol
220	Dinitrogen trioxide - N₂O₃	76.01 g/mol
221	Ethylene glycol - C₂H₆O₂	62.07 g/mol
222	Hypochlorous acid - HClO	52.46 g/mol
223	Nickel sulfate - NiSO₄	154.75 g/mol
224	Helium - He	atomic mass ‎4.002602 u
225	Iodide - I	253.809 g/mol
226	Lead ii acetate - Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂	‎325.29 g/mol
227	Lithium chloride - LiCl	42.394 g/mol
228	Phosphate ion - PO₄^3-	94.9714 g/mol
229	Potassium fluoride - KF	58.0967 g/mol
230	Potassium sulfite - K₂SO₃	158.26 g/mol
231	Silver carbonate - Ag₂CO₃	275.7453 g/mol
232	Sodium cyanide - NaCN	49.0072 g/mol
233	Sodium nitride - Na₃N	82.976 g/mol
234	Strontium chloride - SrCl₂	158.52 g/mol
235	Strontium nitrate - Sr(NO₃)₂	211.628 g/mol
236	Urea - CH₄N₂O	‎60.056 g/mol
237	Bleach - NaClO	‎74.439 g/mol
238	Carbonic acid - H₂CO₃	62.03 g/mol
239	Lithium bromide - LiBr	86.844 g/mol
240	Aluminum fluoride - AlF₃	83.9767 g/mol
241	Barium fluoride - BaF₂	175.34 g/mol
242	Butanoic acid - C₄H₈O₂	88.11 g/mol
243	Calcium hydride - CaH₂	42.094 g/mol
245	Copper ii carbonate - CuCO₃	123.55 g/mol
246	Ethanol - CH₃CH₂OH	46.07 g/mol
247	Fluorine - F	18.998403 u
248	Lithium phosphate - Li₃PO₄	115.79 g/mol
249	Glycerol - C₃H₈O₃	92.09382 g/mol
250	Hypobromous acid - HBrO	96.911 g/mol
251	Hypoiodous acid - HIO	143.89 g/mol
252	Lead iodide - PbI₂	461.01 g/mol
253	Lithium iodide - LiI	133.844 g/mol
254	Magnesium oxide - MgO	40.3044 g/mol
255	Urethane - C₃H₇NO₂	89.09 g/mol
256	Nickel nitrate - Ni(NO₃)₂	182.703 g/mol
257	Potassium chloride - KCl	74.5513 g/mol
258	Potassium nitrate - KNO₃	101.102 g/mol
259	Sodium dichromate - Na₂Cr₂O₇	261.97 g/mol
260	Sodium nitrate - NaNO₃	84.994 g/mol
261	Tartaric acid - C₄H₆O₆	150.087 g/mol
262	Zinc iodide - ZnI₂	319.22 g/mol
263	Bromine - Br	54.9380 g/mol
264	Aluminum bromide - AlBr₃	266.69 g/mol
265	Sodium Percarbonate - C₂H₆Na₄O₁₂	157.01 g/mol
267	Nickel acetate - C₄H₈O₄Ni	178.797 g/mol
268	Sodium Thiosulfate - Na₂S₂O₃	158.11 g/mol
269	Acetaldehyde - C₂H₄O	44.05 g/mol
270	Copper sulfate - CuSO₄	159.609 g/mol
271	Mannitol - C₆H₁₄O₆	182.172 g/mol
272	Calcium Chloride - CaCl₂	110.98 g/mol
273	Hydrocyanic acid - HCN	27.0253 g/mol
274	Monosodium Glutamate - C₅H₈NO₄Na	169.111 g/mol
275	Polystyrene - (C₈H₈)_n	104.1 g/mol
276	Calcium Carbide - CaC₂	64.099 g/mol
277	Tetrachloroethylene - C₂Cl₄	165.83 g/mol
278	Sodium Chlorate - NaClO₃	106.44 g/mol
279	Potassium Iodate - KIO₃	214.001 g/mol
280	Sodium Percarbonate - C₂H₆Na₄O₁₂	157.01 g/mol
281	Lead Acetate - Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂	325.29 g/mol
282	Potassium Thiocyanate - KSCN	97.181 g/mol
283	Butane - C₄H₁₀	58.12 g/mol
284	Maltose - C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁	342.3 g/mol
285	Polyurethane Foam - C₂₇H₃₆N₂O₁₀	548.589 g/mol
286	Formaldehyde - CH₂O	30.031 g/mol
287	Formic Acid - HCOOH	46.03 g/mol
288	Sulfur Hexafluoride - SF₆	146.06 g/mol
289	Phosphorus Trichloride - PCl₃	137.33 g/mol
290	Ethane - C₂H₆	30.07 g/mol
291	Dinitrogen Pentoxide - N₂O₅	30.07 g/mol
292	Phosphorous Acid - H₃PO₃	82 g/mol
293	Potassium Ferrocyanide - K₄Fe(CN)₆	368.35 g/mol
294	Xenon Difluoride - XeF₂	169.29 g/mol
295	Diatomic Bromine - Br₂	159.808 g/mol
296	Phenyl - C₆H₅	77.106 g/mol
297	Phosphorus Triiodide - PI₃	411.6872 g/mol
298	Peroxydisulfuric Acid - H₂S₂O₈	194.14 g/mol
299	Monopotassium Phosphate - KH₂PO₄	136.086 g/mol
300	Dipotassium Phosphate - K₂HPO₄	174.2 g/mol
301	Aluminium hydroxide - Al(OH)₃	78.00 g/mol
302	Ammonium persulfate - (NH₄)₂S₂O₈	228.18 g/mol
303	Sodium borate - Na₂[B₄O₅(OH)₄]·8H₂O	201.22 g/mol
304	Chloroacetic acid - C₂H₃O₂Cl	94.49 g/mol
305	Potassium acetate - CH₃CO₂K	98.142 g/mol
306	Barium oxide - BaO	153.326 g/mol
307	Copper(I) Oxide - Cu₂O	143.09 g/mol
308	Lithium Bromide - LiBr	86.845 g/mol
309	Copper Hydroxide - Cu(OH)₂	97.561 g/mol
310	Tin Oxide - SnO₂	97.561 g/mol
311	Chlorine Trifluoride - ClF₃	92.448 g/mol
312	Ethylene - C₂H₄	28.054 g/mol
313	Acetylene - C₂H₂	26.038 g/mol
314	Chromic Oxide - Cr₂O₃	151.9904 g/mol
315	Sodium bisulfate - NaHSO₄	120.06 g/mol
316	Copper (II) chloride - CuCl₂	134.45 g/mol
317	Mercuric chloride - HgCl₂	271.52 g/mol
318	Tin (II) chloride - SnCl₂	189.60 g/mol
319	Propane - C₃H₈	44.097 g/mol
320	Lead (IV) oxide - PbO₂	239.1988 g/mol

Chemistry Vocabulary [A to Z]

1. Absolute Temperature

temperature measured on the absolute scale

2. Absolute Zero

the lowest temperature theoretically attainable

3. Absorption

a process in which one substance permeates another

4. Accuracy

the quality of being near to the true value

5. Acid

any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste

6. Activation Energy

the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur

7. Addition Reaction

a chemical reaction in which one molecule is added to another

8. Alcohol

a volatile compound made by distillation

9. Alkali Metal

any of the monovalent metals of group I of the periodic table (lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium)

10. Alkaline

relating to or containing an alkali

11. Alkaline-Earth Metal

any of the bivalent metals of group II of the periodic table

12. Allotrope

a structurally different form of an element

13. Alloy

a mixture containing two or more metallic elements

14. Amorphous

without real or apparent crystalline form

15. Anhydrous

without water; especially without water of crystallization

16. Anion

a particle with a negative electric charge

17. Aqueous Solution

a solution in water

18. Atom

the smallest component of an element

19. Atomic Mass

the property of an atom that causes it to have weight

20. Atomic Number

quantity of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

21. Atomic Theory

a theory of the structure of the atom

22. Atomic Weight

(chemistry) the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units

23. Avogadro'S Law

the principle that equal volumes of all gases (given the same temperature and pressure) contain equal numbers of molecules

24. Avogadro'S Number

the number of molecules in a mole of a substance

25. Balance

bring into equilibrium

26. Base

a compound reacting with an acid to form a salt and water

27. Beaker

a flatbottomed jar made of glass or plastic

28. Binary Compound

chemical compound composed of only two elements

29. Boil

bring to the temperature at which a liquid changes to vapor

30. Boiling Point

the temperature at which a liquid boils at sea level

31. Boyle'S Law

the pressure of an ideal gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the volume

32. Brittle

having little elasticity

33. Buffer

(chemistry) an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH

34. Bunsen Burner

a gas burner used in laboratories

35. Buoyancy

the tendency to float in water or other liquid

36. Calorimetry

measurement of quantities of heat

37. Catalyst

substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction

38. Cation

a particle with a positive electric charge

39. Chain Reaction

a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one is a reactant in the next

40. Charge

the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body

41. Charles'S Law

(physics) the density of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies inversely with the temperature

42. Chemical Bond

an electrical force linking atoms

43. Chemical Change

process determined by substances' composition and structure

44. Chemical Energy

that part of the energy in a substance that can be released by a chemical reaction

45. Chemical Formula

a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements

46. Chemical Property

a property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity

47. Chemical Reaction

a process in which substances are changed into others

48. Chemistry

the science of matter

49. Chromatography

a process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency

50. Coefficient

a constant number that serves as a measure of some property

51. Cohesion

the force that holds together molecules in a solid or liquid

52. Colloid

a mixture with properties between those of a solution and fine suspension

53. Combustion

a reaction of a substance with oxygen to give heat and light

54. Composition

the way in which someone or something is put together

55. Compound

a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements

56. Concentration

the strength of a solution

57. Condensation

process of changing from a gas to a liquid or solid state

58. Conductivity

the property of transmitting heat, electricity, or sound

59. Conductor

a substance that readily serves as a medium for transmission

60. Covalent Bond

a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

61. Crucible

a vessel used for high temperature chemical reactions

62. Crystal

a solid having a highly regular atomic structure

63. Crystalline

consisting of or containing or of the nature of crystals

64. Decomposition Reaction

(chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance

65. Density

the amount per unit size

66. Deposition

the natural process of laying something down

67. Desalination

the removal of salt

68. Diatomic

of or relating to a molecule made up of two atoms

69. Dilution

a solution reduced in strength or concentration

70. Dissolve

pass into a solution

71. Distillation

purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors

72. Dmitri Mendeleev

Russian chemist who developed a periodic table of the chemical elements and predicted the discovery of several new elements (1834-1907)

73. Double Bond

a covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms

74. Double Replacement Reaction

a chemical reaction between two compounds where the positive ion of one compound is exchanged with the positive ion of another compound

75. Ductile

capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out

76. Electrolysis

(chemistry) a chemical decomposition reaction produced by passing an electric current through a solution containing ions

77. Electron

an elementary particle with negative charge

78. Electronegativity

(chemistry) the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond

79. Element

a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances

80. Empirical Formula

a chemical formula showing the ratio of elements in a compound rather than the total number of atoms

81. Endothermic

occurring or formed with absorption of heat

82. Endothermic Reaction

a chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat

83. Energy

any source of usable power

84. Entropy

energy in a system no longer available for mechanical work

85. Enzyme

a complex protein produced by cells that acts as a catalyst

86. Equilibrium

a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates

87. Evaporation

the process of becoming a suspension of particles in the air

88. Exothermic

occurring or formed with the release of heat

89. Exothermic Reaction

a chemical reaction accompanied by the evolution of heat

90. Family

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

91. Fermentation

breaking down an organic substance, as sugar into alcohol

92. First Law Of Thermodynamics

the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes

93. Fission

splitting a massive nucleus with the release of energy

94. Flammable

easily ignited

95. Free Energy

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

96. Freezing

the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid

97. Freezing Point

the temperature below which a liquid turns into a solid

98. Fusion

reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei

99. Gas

state of matter distinguished from solid and liquid states

100. Gay-Lussac'S Law

(physics) the density of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies inversely with the temperature

101. Group

atoms bound together as a unit forming part of a molecule

102. Halogen

any of five related nonmetallic elements (fluorine or chlorine or bromine or iodine or astatine) that are all monovalent and readily form negative ions

103. Heat

a form of energy transferred by a difference in temperature

104. Heterogeneous

consisting of elements not of the same kind or nature

105. Homogeneous

all of the same or similar kind or nature

106. Hydrate

any compound that contains water of crystallization

107. Hydrocarbon

an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen

108. Hydrogen Bond

a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond

109. Hypertonic

having a higher osmotic pressure than a comparison solution

110. Hypotonic

having a lower osmotic pressure than a comparison solution

111. Ideal Gas

a hypothetical gas with molecules of negligible size that exert no intermolecular forces

112. Immiscible

(chemistry, physics) incapable of mixing

113. Indicator

a substance that changes color to show something's presence

114. Inorganic Compound

any compound that does not contain carbon

115. Ion

a particle that is electrically charged positive or negative

116. Ionic

containing or involving electrically charged particles

117. Ionic Bond

a chemical bond between oppositely charged ions

118. Isomer

a compound that exists in forms having different arrangements of atoms but the same molecular weight

119. Isotonic

having the same or equal osmotic pressure

120. Isotope

atom with same atomic number, different number of neutrons

121. Kelvin

British physicist who invented the Kelvin scale of temperature and pioneered undersea telegraphy (1824-1907)

122. Kinetic Theory

(physics) a theory that gases consist of small particles in random motion

123. Lattice

an arrangement of points in a regular periodic pattern

124. Law Of Conservation Of Matter

a fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system

125. Law Of Definite Proportions

(chemistry) law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight

126. Le Chatelier'S Principle

the principle that if any change is imposed on a system that is in equilibrium then the system tends to adjust to a new equilibrium counteracting the change

127. Liquid

fluid matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume

128. Litmus Test

material that changes color in acidic or alkaline solutions

129. Luster

the property of something that shines with reflected light

130. Malleable

capable of being shaped or bent

131. Mass

the property of a body that causes it to have weight

132. Mass Number

the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus

133. Matter

that which has mass and occupies space

134. Melting Point

the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid

135. Meniscus

the curved upper surface of a liquid in a vertical tube

136. Metal

a chemical element or alloy that is usually a shiny solid

137. Metallic Bond

a chemical bond in which electrons are shared over many nuclei and electronic conduction occurs

138. Metalloid

of or being a nonmetallic element that has some of the properties of metal

139. Miscible

capable of being mixed, in chemistry

140. Mixture

a substance consisting of substances blended together

141. Molarity

concentration measured by molecular weight of a substance

142. Mole

the molecular mass of a substance expressed in grams

143. Molecule

the simplest structural unit of an element or compound

144. Monatomic

of or relating to an element consisting of a single atom

145. Neutral

having only a limited ability to react chemically

146. Neutralization Reaction

a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base interact with the formation of a salt; with strong acids and bases the essential reaction is the combination of hydrogen ions with hydroxyl ions to form water

147. Neutron

a subatomic particle with zero charge

148. Noble Gas

any of the chemically inert gaseous elements of the helium group in the periodic table

149. Nonpolar

not ionic

150. Nucleus

the positively charged dense center of an atom

151. Orbit

the path of an electron around the nucleus of an atom

152. Orbital

relating to the path of one body around another

153. Organic Compound

any compound of carbon and another element or a radical

154. Osmosis

diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane

155. Oxidation

the process by which a substance combines with oxygen

156. Oxidation Number

the degree of oxidation of an atom or ion or molecule

157. Oxidation-Reduction

a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction

158. Oxidize

enter into a combination with oxygen

159. Periodic Law

(chemistry) the principle that chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

160. Periodic Table

arrangement of chemical elements according to atomic number

161. Ph

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

162. Phase

a distinct state of matter in a system

163. Phase Change

a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition

164. Ph Scale

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

165. Physical Change

a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition

166. Physical Property

any property used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions

167. Plasma

a fourth state of matter distinct from solid, liquid or gas

168. Polar

having a pair of equal and opposite charges

169. Polyatomic

of or relating to a molecule made up of more than two atoms

170. Polymer

a naturally occurring or synthetic compound

171. Polymerization

a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound

172. Precipitate

a substance separated from a solution or suspension

173. Precision

the quality of being reproducible in amount or performance

174. Product

a chemical substance formed as a result of a reaction

175. Property

a basic or essential attribute shared by members of a class

176. Proton

a stable particle with positive charge

177. Radiation

energy transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles

178. Radioisotope

a radioactive isotope of an element

179. Reactant

a chemical substance present at the start of a process

180. Reaction

a process in which a substance is changed into another

181. Reagent

a substance for use in chemical reactions

182. Redox

a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction

183. Rusting

the formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water

184. Salinity

the relative proportion of salt in a solution

185. Saponification

a chemical reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali (especially the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap)

186. Solid

matter with definite shape at room temperature and pressure

187. Solubility

the quality of being easily dissolved in liquid

188. Solute

the dissolved matter in a solution

189. Solution

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

190. Solvent

a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

191. Specific Heat

the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree centigrade

192. State Of Matter

(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container)

193. Stoichiometry

(chemistry) the relation between the quantities of substances that take part in a reaction or form a compound (typically a ratio of whole integers)

194. Stp

standard temperature and pressure

195. Subatomic Particle

a body having finite mass and internal structure but negligible dimensions

196. Sublimation

a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state

197. Subscript

character printed slightly below and to the side of another

198. Substance

a particular kind of matter with uniform properties

199. Surface Tension

phenomenon at a liquid's surface from intermolecular forces

200. Suspension

a mixture in which fine particles are supported by buoyancy

201. Temperature

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment

202. Test Tube

glass tube closed at one end

203. Thermochemistry

the branch of chemistry that studies the relation between chemical action and the amount of heat absorbed or generated

204. Thermodynamics

physics concerned with heat and other forms of energy

205. Titration

a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete; the concentration of the unknown solution (the titer) can then be calculated

206. Valence

the combining power of an atom or radical

207. Valence Electron

an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules

208. Vaporization

the process of becoming a suspension of particles in the air

209. Viscosity

resistance of a liquid to flowing

210. Volume

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

211. Weight

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

212. Yield

an amount of a product

Boyle’s Law
The volume of gas depends on its temperature and pressure. According to Boyle’s law, the volume (V) of a definite quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure (P), at constant temperature (T).

V œ 1/P (Temperature constant)
V = K/P K = constant
PV = K

Let we consider the initial pressure of gas = P1
Initial volume of gas = V1
Final pressure of gas = P2
Final volume of gas = V2

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Charle’s Law
According to Charle’s Law, the volume (V) of a definite quantity of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (T), at constant pressure (P).

V œ T (Pressure constant)
V = KT K = Constant
V/T = K
Similarly
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
V₁/V₂ = T₁/T₂

Here we have temperature in a Kelvin temperature or absolute temperature. The temperature at which the volume of hypothetical gas will be zero is called as Kelvin temperature or absolute temperature. Kelvin has discovered this and the temperature is -273°C. The relation between Kelvin temperature (T) and Celsius temperature (t) is shown below.

T = t + 273

Gay Lussac’s Law
According to Gay Lussac’s law, the pressure of a gas of definite quantity at constant volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature.

P œ T
P = KT
P/T =K

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
P₁/P₂ = T₁/T₂

A definite quantity of gas having volume (V1) at temperature (T1) and pressure (P1) changes to volume (V2), and the reaction is represented as below

P₁V₁T₁ → P₂V_xT₂ → P₂V₂T₂

According to Boyle’s law
P₁V₁ = P₂V_x
V_x = P₁V₁/ P₂ ………………………………….(1)

According to Charle’s law
V_xT₁ = V₂T₂
V_x = V₂T₂/T₁……………………………………(2)

If we combine both the law, then as per equation (1) and (2)
P₁ V₁/ P₂ = V₂T₂/T₁
P₁ V₁/ T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

PV/T = K
PV = KT
PV = nRT

Where, K = changes if quantity of gas changes = nR
n = quantity of gas in mole
R = gas constant

Dalton’s Law
Dalton’s law is based on partial pressure of gas. Partial pressure is a sum of individual pressure of each gas in the gaseous mixture.

Consider one example:

A vessel contains a mixture of gas A and B having pressure of PA and PB respectively. According to Dalton’s law, the partial pressure of gaseous mixture is the sum of individual pressure of each gas.
P = PA + PB

Graham’s Law
According to Graham’s law, the rate of diffusion of various gases is inversely proportional to the square root of their densities, at constant temperature and pressure.

r œ 1/ (d)1/2

Where, r = rate of diffusion
d = density of gas

Chemistry Definition

Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of elements and compounds, how they can change, and the energy that is released or absorbed when they change.

What is Organic Chemistry?

Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds, which include not only hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, including hydrogen (most compounds contain at least one carbon–hydrogen bond), nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur. This branch of chemistry was originally limited to compounds produced by living organisms but has been broadened to include human-made substances such as plastics. The range of application of organic compounds is enormous and also includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, food, explosives, paints, and cosmetics.

Where Is Organic Chemistry Used?

Organic chemistry is a highly creative science in which chemists create new molecules and explore the properties of existing compounds. It is the most popular field of study for ACS chemists and Ph.D. chemists.

Organic compounds are all around us. They are central to the economic growth of the United States in the rubber, plastics, fuel, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, detergent, coatings, dyestuff, and agrichemical industries, to name a few. The very foundations of biochemistry, biotechnology, and medicine are built on organic compounds and their role in life processes. Many modern, high-tech materials are at least partially composed of organic compounds .

Organic chemists spend much of their time creating new compounds and developing better ways of synthesizing previously known compounds.

What Is Inorganic Chemistry?

Inorganic chemistry is concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds, which include metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds. While organic chemistry is defined as the study of carbon-containing compounds and inorganic chemistry is the study of the remaining subset of compounds other than organic compounds, there is overlap between the two fields (such as organometallic compounds, which usually contain a metal or metalloid bonded directly to carbon).

Where Is Inorganic Chemistry Used?

Inorganic compounds are used as catalysts, pigments, coatings, surfactants, medicines, fuels, and more. They often have high melting points and specific high or low electrical conductivity properties, which make them useful for specific purposes. For example:

Ammonia is a nitrogen source in fertilizer, and it is one of the major inorganic chemicals used in the production of nylons, fibers, plastics, polyurethanes (used in tough chemical-resistant coatings, adhesives, and foams), hydrazine (used in jet and rocket fuels), and explosives.
Chlorine is used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (used for pipes, clothing, furniture etc.), agrochemicals (e.g., fertilizer, insecticide, or soil treatment), and pharmaceuticals, as well as chemicals for water treatment and sterilization.
Titanium dioxide is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, which is used as a white powder pigment in paints, coatings, plastics, paper, inks, fibers, food, and cosmetics. Titanium dioxide also has good ultraviolet light resistance properties, and there is a growing demand for its use in photocatalysts.

Inorganic chemistry is a highly practical science—traditionally, a nation’s economy was evaluated by their production of sulfuric acid because it is one of the more important elements used as an industrial raw material.

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